Socialist Principles of Appropriative Justice

During the last quarter of the twentieth century, many analytical Marxists contributed to the revival of the debate concerning the relationship between Marxism and morality. One such attempt made by Ziyad Husami (1978) was to derive a ‘socialist principle of justice’ from Marx’s “Critique of the Gotha Programme”. For Husami this ‘socialist principle of justice’ takes the form of “from each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution”. From this principle Husami derives the conclusion that capitalist exploitation is unjust because the workers do not appropriate the surplus value they create during the production process. In this paper I will argue that what really makes capitalist exploitation unjust is not that workers do not appropriate the surplus product but rather that they do not appropriate the total product of their labor. Following Ellerman and Burczak, I develop this insight further to conclude that socializing the means of production and abolishing private property are not necessary eliminate capitalist exploitation. Furthermore, I want to argue that this notion of appropriative justice can be grounded in a Kantian framework but ultimately that a Hegelian framework should be preferred as it is more faithful to Marx’s philosophical worldview

Integrating indigenous wetland flora into the urban ecosystem

Re-introduction of original plants into modified ecosystems requires some testing of the plant range originally present. This abstract and presentation looks at the theory behind why this should be pursued. Reintroduction of lost ecosystem in the urban environment creates a vehicle for local residents to become aware of the place/original ecosystem they live in. It connects the city landscape with important highly prized ecosystem remnants in the outlying area beyond the city boundaries.

Constructive Arrows: An Introduction to Categories, Toposes and Logic

Category theory, especially topos theory, admits a new perspective on the study of logic and mathematical foundations. In this dissertation, we provide an introduction to the development of logic in a topos, and show why this logic does not validate the law of excluded middle. Assuming no prior knowledge of category theory, we motivate and introduce some main concepts of categories that allow for defining a topos. We briefly provide an introduction to order theory, giving the tools needed for analysis of the subobject algebras in a topos. We introduce the domain of formal logic and define propositional logical valuations on the subobject algebras and on a topos. We end with showing how the topos logic is intuitionistic, by virtue of the subobject algebras being Heyting algebras

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or ?Maurella? (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.Fil: Sarkinen, T.. University Of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Poczai, P.

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N2O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection

Determination of Ki-67 defined growth fraction by monoclonal antibody MIB- I in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostatic cancer tissues

The applicability of MIB‐1, a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki‐67 antigen, was studied in the PC‐82 and LNCaP prostatic tumor models at various levels of proliferative activity. Statistically significant correlations were found in LNCaP cultures between Ki‐67 and MIB‐1 scores (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), and in PC‐82 tumors between MIB‐1 scores and paraffin tissue Ki‐67 (pKi‐67) (r = 0.90, P < 0.001), frozen tissue Ki‐67 (fKi‐67) (r = 0.86, P < 0.001), and BrdU uptake (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), respectively. pKi‐67 scores were double the fKi‐67 scores, which may be due to methodological differences. MIB‐1 scores exceeded both the fKi‐67 and pKi‐67 scores. The affinity of MIB‐1 for the antigen is much higher than the affinity of Ki‐67, which may explain the differences. MIB‐1 is a promising means of evaluating the presence of only minute amounts of the Ki‐67 antigen in paraffin‐embedded human tumor material, especially in relatively slowly growing tumors